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README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin |
README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
This document will help you configure, make, test and install Perl on Cygwin. This document also describes features of Cygwin that will affect how Perl behaves at runtime.
NOTE: There are pre-built Perl packages available for Cygwin and a version of Perl is provided on the Cygwin CD. If you do not need to customize the configuration, consider using one of these packages:
http://cygutils.netpedia.net/
The Cygwin tools are ports of the popular GNU development tools for Win32 platforms. They run thanks to the Cygwin library which provides the UNIX system calls and environment these programs expect. More information about this project can be found at:
http://www.cygwin.com/
A recent net or commercial release of Cygwin is required.
At the time this document was last updated, Cygwin 1.1.5 was current.
NOTE: At this point, minimal effort has been made to provide
compatibility with old (beta) Cygwin releases. The focus has been to
provide a high quality release and not worry about working around old
bugs. If you wish to use Perl with Cygwin B20.1 or earlier, consider
using perl5.005_03, which is available in source and binary form at
http://cygutils.netpedia.net/. If there is significant demand,
a patch kit can be developed to port back to earlier Cygwin versions.
While building Perl some changes may be necessary to your Cygwin setup so that Perl builds cleanly. These changes are not required for normal Perl usage.
NOTE: The binaries that are built will run on all Win32 versions.
They do not depend on your host system (Win9x/WinME, WinNT/Win2K)
or your Cygwin configuration (ntea, ntsec, binary/text mounts).
The only dependencies come from hard-coded pathnames like /usr/local.
However, your host system and Cygwin configuration will affect Perl's
runtime behavior (see TEST).
PATHPATH environment variable so that Configure finds the Cygwin
versions of programs. Any Windows directories should be removed or
moved to the end of your PATH.
CYGWIN settings, directory
and file permissions may not be set correctly. Since the build process
creates directories and files, to be safe you may want to run a `chmod
-R +w *' on the entire Perl source tree.
Also, it is a well known WinNT ``feature'' that files created by a login
that is a member of the Administrators group will be owned by the
Administrators group. Depending on your umask, you may find that you
can not write to files that you just created (because you are no longer
the owner). When using the ntsec CYGWIN setting, this is not an
issue because it ``corrects'' the ownership to what you would expect on
a UNIX system.
The default options gathered by Configure with the assistance of hints/cygwin.sh will build a Perl that supports dynamic loading (which requires a shared libperl.dll).
This will run Configure and keep a record:
./Configure 2>&1 | tee log.configure
If you are willing to accept all the defaults run Configure with -de. However, several useful customizations are available.
It is possible to strip the EXEs and DLLs created by the build process. The resulting binaries will be significantly smaller. If you want the binaries to be stripped, you can either add a -s option when Configure prompts you,
Any additional ld flags (NOT including libraries)? [none] -s Any special flags to pass to gcc to use dynamic linking? [none] -s Any special flags to pass to ld2 to create a dynamically loaded library? [none] -s
or you can edit hints/cygwin.sh and uncomment the relevant variables near the end of the file.
Several Perl functions and modules depend on the existence of
some optional libraries. Configure will find them if they are
installed in one of the directories listed as being used for library
searches. Pre-built packages for most of these are available at
http://cygutils.netpedia.net/.
-lcryptAlternatively, the crypt libraries in GNU libc have been ported to Cygwin.
The DES based Ultra Fast Crypt port was done by Alexey Truhan:
ftp://ftp.franken.de/pub/win32/develop/gnuwin32/cygwin/porters/Okhapkin_Sergey/cw32crypt-dist-0.tgz
NOTE: There are various export restrictions on DES implementations, see the glibc README for more details.
The MD5 port was done by Andy Piper:
ftp://ftp.franken.de/pub/win32/develop/gnuwin32/cygwin/porters/Okhapkin_Sergey/libcrypt.tgz
-lgdbm (use GDBM_File)NDBM_File and ODBM_File possible (although they add
little extra value).
NOTE: The ndbm/dbm emulations only completely work on NTFS partitions.
-ldb (use DB_File)NOTE: The BerkeleyDB library only completely works on NTFS partitions.
-lcygipc (use IPC::SysV)NOTE: This has not been extensively tested. In particular,
d_semctl_semun is undefined because it fails a Configure test
and on Win9x the shm*() functions seem to hang. It also creates
a compile time dependency because perl.h includes <sys/ipc.h>
and <sys/sem.h> (which will be required in the future when compiling
CPAN modules).
The INSTALL document describes several Configure-time options. Some of these will work with Cygwin, others are not yet possible. Also, some of these are experimental. You can either select an option when Configure prompts you or you can define (undefine) symbols on the command line.
-Uusedl-Uusemymallocmalloc() included with the Perl source. If you
want to force Perl to build with the system malloc() undefine this symbol.
-Dusemultiplicity-Duseperlio-Duse64bitint-Duselongdouble-Dusethreads-Duselargefiles
You may see some messages during Configure that seem suspicious.
dlsym() checking occurs (it is not created until `make' runs).
You will see the following message:
Checking whether your dlsym() needs a leading underscore ... ld2: not found I can't compile and run the test program. I'm guessing that dlsym doesn't need a leading underscore.
Since the guess is correct, this is not a problem.
d_eofnblkEOF with a non-blocking read on a
closed pipe. You will see the following messages:
But it also returns -1 to signal EOF, so be careful! WARNING: you can't distinguish between EOF and no data!
*** WHOA THERE!!! ***
The recommended value for $d_eofnblk on this machine was "define"!
Keep the recommended value? [y]
At least for consistency with WinNT, you should keep the recommended value.
#define of
_LONG_DOUBLE:
Guessing which symbols your C compiler and preprocessor define... try.c:<line#>: parse error
This failure does not seem to cause any problems.
Simply run make and wait:
make 2>&1 | tee log.make
Warnings like these are normal:
warning: overriding commands for target <file> warning: ignoring old commands for target <file>
dllwrap: no export definition file provided dllwrap: creating one, but that may not be what you want
During `make', ld2 will be created and installed in your $installbin
directory (where you said to put public executables). It does not
wait until the `make install' process to install the ld2 script,
this is because the remainder of the `make' refers to ld2 without
fully specifying its path and does this from multiple subdirectories.
The assumption is that $installbin is in your current PATH. If this
is not the case `make' will fail at some point. If this happens,
just manually copy ld2 from the source directory to somewhere in
your PATH.
There are two steps to running the test suite:
make test 2>&1 | tee log.make-test
cd t;./perl harness 2>&1 | tee ../log.harness
The same tests are run both times, but more information is provided when
running as `./perl harness'.
Test results vary depending on your host system and your Cygwin configuration. If a test can pass in some Cygwin setup, it is always attempted and explainable test failures are documented. It is possible for Perl to pass all the tests, but it is more likely that some tests will fail for one of the reasons listed below.
UNIX file permissions are based on sets of mode bits for
{read,write,execute} for each {user,group,other}. By default Cygwin
only tracks the Win32 read-only attribute represented as the UNIX file
user write bit (files are always readable, files are executable if they
have a .{com,bat,exe} extension or begin with #!, directories are
always readable and executable). On WinNT with the ntea CYGWIN
setting, the additional mode bits are stored as extended file attributes.
On WinNT with the ntsec CYGWIN setting, permissions use the standard
WinNT security descriptors and access control lists. Without one of
these options, these tests will fail:
Failed Test List of failed ------------------------------------ io/fs.t 5, 7, 9-10 lib/anydbm.t 2 lib/db-btree.t 20 lib/db-hash.t 16 lib/db-recno.t 18 lib/gdbm.t 2 lib/ndbm.t 2 lib/odbm.t 2 lib/sdbm.t 2 op/stat.t 9, 20 (.tmp not an executable extension)
FAT partitions do not support hard links (whereas NTFS does), in which
case Cygwin implements link() by copying the file. On remote (network)
drives Cygwin's stat() always sets st_nlink to 1, so the link count
for remote directories and files is not available. In either case,
these tests will fail:
Failed Test List of failed ------------------------------------ io/fs.t 4 op/stat.t 3
On FAT partitions the filetime granularity is 2 seconds. The following test will fail:
Failed Test List of failed ------------------------------------ io/fs.t 18
When Perl is running in taint mode, $ENV{PATH} is considered tainted
and not used, so DLLs not in the default system directories will not
be found. While the tests are running you will see warnings popup from
the system with messages like:
Win9x
Error Starting Program
A required .DLL file, CYGWIN1.DLL, was not found
WinNT
perl.exe - Unable to Locate DLL
The dynamic link library cygwin1.dll could not be found in the
specified path ...
Just click OK and ignore them. When running `make test', 2 popups
occur. During `./perl harness', 4 popups occur. Also, these tests
will fail:
Failed Test List of failed ------------------------------------ op/taint.t 1, 3, 31, 37
Alternatively, you can copy cygwin1.dll into the directory where the tests run:
cp /bin/cygwin1.dll t
or one of the Windows system directories (although, this is not recommended).
Cygwin does not require /etc/group, in which case the op/grent.t test will be skipped. The check performed by op/grent.t expects to see entries that use the members field, otherwise this test will fail:
Failed Test List of failed ------------------------------------ op/grent.t 1
Cygwin does an outstanding job of providing UNIX-like semantics on top of Win32 systems. However, in addition to the items noted above, there are some differences that you should know about. This is a very brief guide to portability, more information can be found in the Cygwin documentation.
: * ? " < > |
File names are case insensitive, but case preserving. A pathname that contains a backslash or drive letter is a Win32 pathname (and not subject to the translations applied to POSIX style pathnames).
open() is determined by the mode of the mount that underlies
the file. Perl provides a binmode() function to set binary mode on files
that otherwise would be treated as text. sysopen() with the O_TEXT
flag sets text mode on files that otherwise would be treated as binary:
sysopen(FOO, "bar", O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_TEXT)
lseek(), tell() and sysseek() only work with files opened in binary mode.
The text/binary issue is covered at length in the Cygwin documentation.
lstat() and readlink() functions make the .exe
extension transparent by looking for foo.exe when you ask for foo
(unless a foo also exists). Cygwin does not require a .exe
extension, but gcc adds it automatically when building a program.
However, when accessing an executable as a normal file (e.g., cp
in a makefile) the .exe is not transparent. The install included
with Cygwin automatically appends a .exe when necessary.
chown()chown() can change a file's user and group IDs. On Win9x chown()
is a no-op, although this is appropriate since there is no security model.
F_GETLK command to fcntl() is a stub that
returns ENOSYS.
Win9x can not rename() an open file (although WinNT can).
The Cygwin chroot() implementation has holes (it can not restrict file
access by native Win32 programs).
This will install Perl, including man pages.
make install | tee log.make-install
NOTE: If STDERR is redirected `make install' will not prompt
you to install perl into /usr/bin.
You may need to be Administrator to run `make install'. If you
are not, you must have write access to the directories in question.
Information on installing the Perl documentation in HTML format can be found in the INSTALL document.
These are the files in the Perl release that contain references to Cygwin. These very brief notes attempt to explain the reason for all conditional code. Hopefully, keeping this up to date will allow the Cygwin port to be kept as clean as possible.
INSTALL README.cygwin README.win32 MANIFEST Changes Changes5.005 Changes5.004 Changes5.6 pod/perl.pod pod/perlport.pod pod/perlfaq3.pod pod/perldelta.pod pod/perl5004delta.pod pod/perl56delta.pod pod/perlhist.pod pod/perlmodlib.pod pod/buildtoc.PL pod/perltoc.pod
cygwin/Makefile.SHs
cygwin/ld2.in
cygwin/perlld.in
ext/IPC/SysV/hints/cygwin.pl
ext/NDBM_File/hints/cygwin.pl
ext/ODBM_File/hints/cygwin.pl
hints/cygwin.sh
Configure - help finding hints from uname,
shared libperl required for dynamic loading
Makefile.SH - linklibperl
Porting/patchls - cygwin in port list
installman - man pages with :: translated to .
installperl - install dll/ld2/perlld, install to pods
makedepend.SH - uwinfix
t/io/tell.t - binmode
t/lib/b.t - ignore Cwd from os_extras
t/lib/glob-basic.t - Win32 directory list access differs from read mode
t/op/magic.t - $^X/symlink WORKAROUND, s/.exe//
t/op/stat.t - no /dev, skip Win32 ftCreationTime quirk
(cache manager sometimes preserves ctime of file
previously created and deleted), no -u (setuid)
EXTERN.h - __declspec(dllimport) XSUB.h - __declspec(dllexport) cygwin/cygwin.c - os_extras (getcwd, spawn) perl.c - os_extras perl.h - binmode doio.c - win9x can not rename a file when it is open pp_sys.c - do not define h_errno, pp_system with spawn util.c - use setenv
ext/POSIX/POSIX.xs - tzname defined externally
ext/SDBM_File/sdbm/pair.c
- EXTCONST needs to be redefined from EXTERN.h
ext/SDBM_File/sdbm/sdbm.c
- binary open
lib/Cwd.pm - hook to internal Cwd::cwd
lib/ExtUtils/MakeMaker.pm
- require MM_Cygwin.pm
lib/ExtUtils/MM_Cygwin.pm
- canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
lib/File/Find.pm - on remote drives stat() always sets st_nlink to 1
lib/File/Spec/Unix.pm - preserve //unc
lib/File/Temp.pm - no directory sticky bit
lib/perl5db.pl - use stdin not /dev/tty
utils/perldoc.PL - version comment
When make starts, it warns about overriding commands for perlmain.o.
`make clean' does not remove library .def or .exe.stackdump
files.
The ld2 script contains references to the source directory. You should
change these to $installbin after `make install'.
Support for swapping real and effective user and group IDs is incomplete.
On WinNT Cygwin provides setuid(), seteuid(), setgid() and setegid().
However, additional Cygwin calls for manipulating WinNT access tokens
and security contexts are required.
When building DLLs, `dllwrap --export-all-symbols' is used to export
global symbols. It might be better to generate an explicit .def file
(see makedef.pl). Also, DLLs can now be build with `gcc -shared'.
Charles Wilson <cwilson@ece.gatech.edu>, Eric Fifer <egf7@columbia.edu>, alexander smishlajev <als@turnhere.com>, Steven Morlock <newspost@morlock.net>, Sebastien Barre <Sebastien.Barre@utc.fr>, Teun Burgers <burgers@ecn.nl>.
Last updated: 9 November 2000
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README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin |